3. EE 0 - Single Site Run

Example Experiment 0: We want to conduct a full single-site simulation, explore the output data and produce preliminary plots.

The example solutions assume that you are running on the dvmdostem Docker stack. Example solutions are presented in collapsable blocks. The blocks are color coded:

Full working solution.

This example should work!

Partial solution.

This example should get you most of the way there.

Broken solution.

This example might have problems. Use at your own risk and expect to debug.

3.1. Experiment Design

Here we have designed a small experiment with answers to the unknowns posed in setting up a run

Question

Answer
Where on your computer you want to store
your model run(s)?

/work/testing-data/docs/example_experiment_0/
What spatial (geographic) area you want
to run?
Toolik, pixels (0,0), (1,1), (2,2)
/work/demo-data/cru-ts40_ar5_rcp85_ncar-ccsm4_toolik_field_station_10x10/

What variables you want to output?
GPP: monthly, by PFT
RH, RG, RM: monthly
TLAYER: monthly by layer
VEGC: yearly
ALD: yearly
CMTNUM: yearly
LAYERDZ, LAYERDEPTH, LAYERTYPE: yearly
SHLWC, SHLWDZ: yearly
DEEPC, DEEPDZ: yearly
MINEC: yearly

Which stages to run and for how many years?

All stages, pr 100, eq 1000, sp 250, tr 115, sc 85
Is the community type (CMT) fixed or driven by
input vegetation.nc map?

Force to CMT05
For which stages should the output files be
generated and saved?

sp, tr, sc
Calibration settings if necessary
(i.e. --cal-mode)?

No
Any other command line options or environment
settings?

No

Warning

The util/outspec.py script prints some confusing messages when working with by-layer files. For outputs that are only availale by layer, (i.e. LAYERDZ), the output is flagged as ‘invlaid’ in the output_spec.csv file. This means that if you provide the layer resolution specification when requesting one of these outputs, util/outspec.py will print a message to the extent of “Not enabling layer outputs for LAYERDZ”. This is true (util/outspec.py finds the “invalid” marker and doesn’t enable that column in the .csv file), but it is not a problem - for those outputs, the by-layer resolution is enforced internally in the C++ part of the model.

Developer commands for working on documentation

Uncomment the following jupyter execute block if you need to actually run the model for this experiment. This is useful if you are a developer working on the documentation. Otherwise you can assume that the outputs needed for the remainder of the exercise are in the testing-data/docs/example_experiment0 directory.

# import os
# import subprocess
# import shutil
#
# import setup_working_directory
# import outspec
# import runmask
#
# shutil.rmtree('/work/testing-data/docs/example_experiment_0/')
#
# args = '--input-data-path /work/demo-data/cru-ts40_ar5_rcp85_ncar-ccsm4_toolik_field_station_10x10/ /work/testing-data/docs/example_experiment_0/'
# setup_working_directory.cmdline_entry(args.split(' '))
#
# os.chdir('/work/testing-data/docs/example_experiment_0/')
#
# outspec.cmdline_entry('config/output_spec.csv --on RH m'.split(' '))
# outspec.cmdline_entry('config/output_spec.csv --on RG m'.split(' '))
# outspec.cmdline_entry('config/output_spec.csv --on RM m'.split(' '))
# outspec.cmdline_entry('config/output_spec.csv --on TLAYER l m'.split(' '))
# outspec.cmdline_entry('config/output_spec.csv --on GPP m p'.split(' '))
# outspec.cmdline_entry('config/output_spec.csv --on VEGC y'.split(' '))
# outspec.cmdline_entry('config/output_spec.csv --on ALD y'.split(' '))
# outspec.cmdline_entry('config/output_spec.csv --on CMTNUM y'.split(' '))
# outspec.cmdline_entry('config/output_spec.csv --on SHLWC y l'.split(' '))
# outspec.cmdline_entry('config/output_spec.csv --on SHLWDZ y l'.split(' '))
# outspec.cmdline_entry('config/output_spec.csv --on DEEPC y l'.split(' '))
# outspec.cmdline_entry('config/output_spec.csv --on DEEPDZ y l'.split(' '))
# outspec.cmdline_entry('config/output_spec.csv --on MINEC y l'.split(' '))
# outspec.cmdline_entry('config/output_spec.csv --on LAYERDZ y'.split(' '))
# outspec.cmdline_entry('config/output_spec.csv --on LAYERDEPTH y'.split(' '))
# outspec.cmdline_entry('config/output_spec.csv --on LAYERTYPE y'.split(' '))
#
# runmask.cmdline_entry('--reset run-mask.nc'.split(' '))
# runmask.cmdline_entry('--yx 0 0 run-mask.nc'.split(' '))
#
# subprocess.call('dvmdostem -l fatal --force-cmt 5 -p 100 -s 250 -e 1000 -t 115 -n 85'.split(' '))
Example commands for setting up
$ ./scripts/setup_working_directory.py --input-data-path /work/demo-data/cru-ts40_ar5_rcp85_ncar-ccsm4_toolik_field_station_10x10/ /work/testing-data/docs/example_experiment_0/
$ cd /work/testing-data/docs/example_experiment_0/
$ outspec.py config/output_spec.csv --on RH m
$ outspec.py config/output_spec.csv --on RG m
$ outspec.py config/output_spec.csv --on RM m
$ outspec.py config/output_spec.csv --on TLAYER l m
$ outspec.py config/output_spec.csv --on GPP m p
$ outspec.py config/output_spec.csv --on VEGC y
$ outspec.py config/output_spec.csv --on ALD y
$ outspec.py config/output_spec.csv --on CMTNUM y
$ outspec.py config/output_spec.csv --on SHLWC y l
$ outspec.py config/output_spec.csv --on SHLWDZ y l
$ outspec.py config/output_spec.csv --on DEEPC y l
$ outspec.py config/output_spec.csv --on DEEPDZ y l
$ outspec.py config/output_spec.csv --on MINEC y l
$ outspec.py config/output_spec.csv --on LAYERDZ y
$ outspec.py config/output_spec.csv --on LAYERDEPTH y
$ outspec.py config/output_spec.csv --on LAYERTYPE y
$ runmask.py --reset run-mask.nc
$ runmask.py --yx 0 0 run-mask.nc
$ #runmask.py --yx 1 1 run-mask.nc
$ #runmask.py --yx 2 2 run-mask.nc
$ dvmdostem --force-cmt 5 -p 100 -s 250 -e 1000 -t 115 -n 85

3.2. Example Python setup

The Python example solutions share a bunch of code. For this reason, we will put the common setup here and not need to repeat these lines in each example. The paths assume that these examples will be run on the TEM Docker stack. Subsequent Python example solutions assume that these setup commands have been run. In other words if you are following along, copy the following code into your Python interperter and run it before continuing.

To read more about the data loading function that is imported from util/output.py please see the API documentation here util.output.load_trsc_dataframe()

If you are not working on the TEM Docker stack or have named your experiment differently, please adjust your paths accordingly.

Common Python setup
import sys
import os

import netCDF4 as nc
import pandas as pd
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# This allows us to import tools from the dvm-dos-tem/scripts directory
sys.path.insert(0, '/work/scripts')

from util.output import load_trsc_dataframe

# This lets us work with shorter paths relative to the experiment
# directory
os.chdir('/work/testing-data/docs/example_experiment_0/')

3.3. Explore Input Datasets

Exploring the input dataset, determine the start year of the historical, and the projected climate time series. From the length of the time dimension, compute the end year and the total number of years of the time series. Note that this information is used to set the number of transient and scenario years to run.

Example with ncdump
$ ncdump -h /work/demo-data/cru-ts40_ar5_rcp85_ncar-ccsm4_toolik_field_station_10x10/historic-climate.nc  | grep "time:units"
    time:units = "days since 1901-1-1 0:0:0" ;

$ ncdump -h /work/demo-data/cru-ts40_ar5_rcp85_ncar-ccsm4_toolik_field_station_10x10/projected-climate.nc  | grep "time:units"
    time:units = "days since 2016-1-1 0:0:0" ;

$ ncdump -h /work/demo-data/cru-ts40_ar5_rcp85_ncar-ccsm4_toolik_field_station_10x10/historic-climate.nc  | grep "time\ =\ "
    time = UNLIMITED ; // (1380 currently)

$ ncdump -h /work/demo-data/cru-ts40_ar5_rcp85_ncar-ccsm4_toolik_field_station_10x10/projected-climate.nc  | grep "time\ =\ "
    time = UNLIMITED ; // (1020 currently)

So 1380/12 = 115. Looks like 115 years for the historic and 1020/85 = 85 for the projected.

Example input.py plot

This shows how you might plot the driving inputs using one of the existing utility scripts. While the graphical view is nice it makes it difficult to figure out the exact start and end years.

Also notice that this technique allows us to interact with the command line interface of the input.py script directly from a Python interperter. Neat!

import util.input
import argparse

args = {
  'command': 'climate-ts-plot',
  'input_folder': '/work/demo-data/cru-ts40_ar5_rcp85_ncar-ccsm4_toolik_field_station_10x10/',
  'stitch': False,
  'type': 'spatial-temporal-summary',
}

util.input.climate_ts_plot(argparse.Namespace(**args))
../_images/example_experiment_0_2_0.png

3.4. Computing Mean Vegetation C and Soil C

Compute the mean vegetation and soil carbon stocks for the following time ranges: [1990-1999], [2040-2049], [2090-2099].

  1. What are the units of these stocks?

Example Python Solution
for VAR in ['VEGC', 'SHLWC', 'DEEPC', 'MINEC']:
  TIMERES = 'yearly'
  PX_X = 0
  PX_Y = 0
  time_ranges = ['1990-1999','2040-2049','2090-2099']

  df, meta = load_trsc_dataframe(var=VAR, timeres=TIMERES, px_y=PX_Y,
                                 px_x=PX_X, fileprefix='output')
  print(meta)
  for d in time_ranges:
     s, e = d.split('-')
     mean = df[s:e].mean()[0]
     print(f'{d}  {VAR}  mean: {mean}')
  print()

Trying to open:  output/VEGC_yearly_tr.nc
Trying to open:  output/VEGC_yearly_sc.nc
{'var_units': 'g/m2'}
1990-1999  VEGC  mean: 1785.202129790187
2040-2049  VEGC  mean: 2207.7831362843513
2090-2099  VEGC  mean: 3493.914355480671

Trying to open:  output/SHLWC_yearly_tr.nc
Trying to open:  output/SHLWC_yearly_sc.nc
{'var_units': 'g/m2'}
1990-1999  SHLWC  mean: 2263.768087387085
2040-2049  SHLWC  mean: 2478.670092391968
2090-2099  SHLWC  mean: 2493.7349906921386

Trying to open:  output/DEEPC_yearly_tr.nc
Trying to open:  output/DEEPC_yearly_sc.nc

{'var_units': 'g/m2'}
1990-1999  DEEPC  mean: 4419.648673923313
2040-2049  DEEPC  mean: 4485.291894504428
2090-2099  DEEPC  mean: 4539.658839690685

Trying to open:  output/MINEC_yearly_tr.nc
Trying to open:  output/MINEC_yearly_sc.nc
{'var_units': 'g/m2'}
1990-1999  MINEC  mean: 21216.413856784628
2040-2049  MINEC  mean: 21226.003685582244
2090-2099  MINEC  mean: 21259.907401037588
Example NCO solution
### Change into the experiment directory
cd /work/testing-data/docs/example_experiment_0/

### Create a synthesis directory to store all the summary stats
mkdir /work/testing-data/docs/example_experiment_0//synthesis

### Compute the decadal means of vegetation carbon stocks
ncwa -O -d time,89,98 -d x,0 -d y,0 -y avg -v VEGC output/VEGC_yearly_tr.nc  synthesis/VEGC_1990_1999.nc
ncwa -O -d time,24,33 -d x,0 -d y,0 -y avg -v VEGC output/VEGC_yearly_sc.nc  synthesis/VEGC_2040_2049.nc
ncwa -O -d time,74,83 -d x,0 -d y,0 -y avg -v VEGC output/VEGC_yearly_sc.nc  synthesis/VEGC_2090_2099.nc

### Store all soil C stocks to a single file
cp output/SHLWC_yearly_tr.nc synthesis/SOILC_yearly_tr.nc
ncks -A -h output/DEEPC_yearly_tr.nc synthesis/SOILC_yearly_tr.nc
ncks -A -h output/MINEC_yearly_tr.nc synthesis/SOILC_yearly_tr.nc

cp output/SHLWC_yearly_sc.nc synthesis/SOILC_yearly_sc.nc
ncks -A -h ./output/DEEPC_yearly_sc.nc synthesis/SOILC_yearly_sc.nc
ncks -A -h ./output/MINEC_yearly_sc.nc synthesis/SOILC_yearly_sc.nc

### Compute total soil carbon
ncap2 -O -h -s'SOILC = SHLWC + DEEPC + MINEC' synthesis/SOILC_yearly_tr.nc synthesis/SOILC_yearly_tr.nc
ncap2 -O -h -s'SOILC = SHLWC + DEEPC + MINEC' synthesis/SOILC_yearly_sc.nc synthesis/SOILC_yearly_sc.nc

### Compute the decadal means of soil carbon stocks
ncwa -O -d time,89,98 -d x,0 -d y,0 -y avg -v SHLWC,DEEPC,MINEC,SOILC synthesis/SOILC_yearly_tr.nc  synthesis/SOILC_1990_1999.nc
ncwa -O -d time,24,33 -d x,0 -d y,0 -y avg -v SHLWC,DEEPC,MINEC,SOILC synthesis/SOILC_yearly_sc.nc  synthesis/SOILC_2040_2049.nc
ncwa -O -d time,74,83 -d x,0 -d y,0 -y avg -v SHLWC,DEEPC,MINEC,SOILC synthesis/SOILC_yearly_sc.nc  synthesis/SOILC_2090_2099.nc

3.5. Computing Monthly NEE

Compute monthly Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) for the historical and scenario simulations. Indicate how you formulated NEE.

Python solution 1

Autotrophic respiration (RA) is the sum of growth respiration (RG) and maintenance respiration (RM). RG and RM encompass all vegetation respiration (both above and belowground).

Heterotrphic respiration (RH) is the microbial respiration in the soil.

Ecosystem respriation (ER) is the sum of RA and RH.

Net Ecosystem Exchange (NEE) is Gross Primary Productvity (GPP) less ER.

dvmdostem does not have explicit outputs for RA, ER, or NEE, so we will derive them from our existing outputs (GPP, RH, RM, RG).

X = 0
Y = 0

rh, _ = load_trsc_dataframe('RH', timeres='monthly', px_y=Y, px_x=X, fileprefix='output')
rm, _ = load_trsc_dataframe('RM', timeres='monthly', px_y=Y, px_x=X, fileprefix='output')
rg, _ = load_trsc_dataframe('RG', timeres='monthly', px_y=Y, px_x=X, fileprefix='output')
gpp, _ = load_trsc_dataframe('GPP', timeres='monthly', px_y=Y, px_x=X, fileprefix='output')

# GPP is output per PFT, so here we sum across PFTs to get
# the ecosystem GPP.
gpp_eco = gpp.sum(axis=1)

# Add up all the respiration fluxes
er = (rh + rm + rg)

nee = gpp_eco - er.squeeze() # <-- collapse single column pandas.DataFrame

Trying to open:  output/RH_monthly_tr.nc
Trying to open:  output/RH_monthly_sc.nc
Trying to open:  output/RM_monthly_tr.nc

Trying to open:  output/RM_monthly_sc.nc

Trying to open:  output/RG_monthly_tr.nc
Trying to open:  output/RG_monthly_sc.nc
Trying to open:  output/GPP_monthly_tr.nc

Trying to open:  output/GPP_monthly_sc.nc
matplotlib
fig, axes = plt.subplots(2,1)

axes[0].plot(nee, color='black', label='NEE')
axes[1].plot(nee['1940':'1950'])

plt.savefig('NEE_SAMPLE.png')
../_images/example_experiment_0_5_0.png
bokeh

Note

This does not display properly in all web browsers. Safari in particular seems to have issues. It should work fine if you run the code on your own machine, but for some reason when embedded in the Sphinx documentation, it doesn’t behave.

import bokeh.plotting as bkp
import bokeh.resources as bkr
import bokeh.io as bkio

# This helps display inline in sphinx document,
# in other contexts you may not need this line.
bkio.output_notebook(bkr.CDN, verbose=False,
                     notebook_type='jupyter', hide_banner=True)

p = bkp.figure(title="NEE", x_axis_type='datetime',
               sizing_mode="stretch_width", max_width=500, height=150,
               toolbar_location='above')

p.line(nee.index, nee, line_width=1)

bkp.show(p)
NCO solution

Warning

This code runs, but the values don’t match the Python solution and the dates seem off in the final *.nc files. Needs further verification.

### Change into the experiment directory
cd /work/testing-data/docs/example_experiment_0/

### Create a synthesis directory to store all the summary stats
mkdir /work/testing-data/docs/example_experiment_0/

### Sum up the GPP across PFTs
ncwa -O -h -v GPP -a pft -y total output/GPP_monthly_tr.nc synthesis/GPP_monthly_tr.nc
ncwa -O -h -v GPP -a pft -y total output/GPP_monthly_sc.nc synthesis/GPP_monthly_sc.nc

### Append all the necessary fluxes into single files
cp synthesis/GPP_monthly_tr.nc synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_tr.nc
ncks -A -h output/RM_monthly_tr.nc synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_tr.nc
ncks -A -h output/RG_monthly_tr.nc synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_tr.nc
ncks -A -h output/RH_monthly_tr.nc synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_tr.nc
cp synthesis/GPP_monthly_sc.nc synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_sc.nc
ncks -A -h output/RM_monthly_sc.nc synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_sc.nc
ncks -A -h output/RG_monthly_sc.nc synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_sc.nc
ncks -A -h output/RH_monthly_sc.nc synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_sc.nc

### Compute monthly NEE
ncap2 -O -h -s'NEE = RH + RG + RM - GPP' synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_tr.nc synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_tr.nc
ncap2 -O -h -s'NEE = RH + RG + RM - GPP' synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_sc.nc synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_sc.nc

### Compute yearly sums of fluxes (this is a sum by group, i.e. years,
### so we'll need to indicate the --mro option in ncra)
# make time dimension unlimited
ncks -O -h --mk_rec_dmn time synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_tr.nc synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_tr.nc
ncks -O -h --mk_rec_dmn time synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_sc.nc synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_sc.nc
# compute the annual sums
ncra --mro -O -d time,0,,12,12 -d x,0 -d y,0 -y ttl -v GPP,RG,RM,RH,NEE synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_tr.nc synthesis/Cfluxes_yearly_tr.nc
ncra --mro -O -d time,0,,12,12 -d x,0 -d y,0 -y ttl -v GPP,RG,RM,RH,NEE synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_sc.nc synthesis/Cfluxes_yearly_sc.nc
# fix back the time dimension
ncks -O -h --fix_rec_dmn time synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_tr.nc synthesis/Cfluxes_yearly_tr.nc
ncks -O -h --fix_rec_dmn time synthesis/Cfluxes_monthly_sc.nc synthesis/Cfluxes_yearly_sc.nc

### Compute decadale averages of C fluxes
ncwa -O -d time,89,98 -d x,0 -d y,0 -y avg -v GPP,RG,RM,RH,NEE synthesis/Cfluxes_yearly_tr.nc synthesis/Cfluxes_1990_1999.nc
ncwa -O -d time,24,33 -d x,0 -d y,0 -y avg -v GPP,RG,RM,RH,NEE synthesis/Cfluxes_yearly_sc.nc synthesis/Cfluxes_2040_2049.nc
ncwa -O -d time,74,83 -d x,0 -d y,0 -y avg -v GPP,RG,RM,RH,NEE synthesis/Cfluxes_yearly_sc.nc synthesis/Cfluxes_2090_2099.nc

3.6. Computing Mean GPP, RA, RH, NEE

Compute the mean GPP, autotrophic and heterotrophic respirations and NEE for the following time ranges: [1990-1999], [2040-2049], [2090-2099].

  1. What are the units of these fluxes?

    Example Python Solution for Finding Units
    print('{:>10} {:>12} {:>12}'.format('varible', 'tr', 'sc'))
for v in ['GPP', 'RH', 'RM','RG',]:
    trds = nc.Dataset(f'output/{v}_monthly_tr.nc')
    scds = nc.Dataset(f'output/{v}_monthly_sc.nc')
    tunits = trds.variables[v].units
    sunits = scds.variables[v].units
    print(f'{v:>10} {tunits:>12} {sunits:>12}')

       varible           tr           sc
       GPP   g/m2/month   g/m2/month
        RH   g/m2/month   g/m2/month
        RM   g/m2/month   g/m2/month
        RG   g/m2/month   g/m2/month
Example Python Solution for Computing Means
# Using the variables loaded above when we computed NEE

for d in ['1990-1999','2040-2049','2090-2099']:
  start, end = d.split('-')
  mean_gpp = gpp[start:end].sum(axis=1).mean()
  ra = rm + rg
  mean_ra = ra[start:end].mean().squeeze() # <- collapses DataFrame to Series
  mean_rh = rh[start:end].mean().squeeze() # <- collapses DataFrame to Series
  mean_nee = nee[start:end].mean()

  print(f"{d} mean gpp: {mean_gpp}")
  print(f"{d} mean ra:  {mean_ra}")
  print(f"{d} mean rh:  {mean_rh}")
  print(f"{d} mean nee: {mean_nee}")
  print()

1990-1999 mean gpp: 33.733749752943304
1990-1999 mean ra:  17.66835118918197
1990-1999 mean rh:  13.460858328712932
1990-1999 mean nee: 2.6045402350484057

2040-2049 mean gpp: 47.567070788354975
2040-2049 mean ra:  27.124039889070893
2040-2049 mean rh:  16.808086157800336
2040-2049 mean nee: 3.634944741483749

2090-2099 mean gpp: 75.82829106615482
2090-2099 mean ra:  48.94014652694924
2090-2099 mean rh:  19.11309597874915
2090-2099 mean nee: 7.77504856045642

3.7. Plot Active Layer Depth

Plot the active layer depth from 1950 to 2100.

Example Python Solution
df, meta = load_trsc_dataframe(var='ALD', timeres='yearly',
                               px_y=0, px_x=0, fileprefix='output')

fig, ax = plt.subplots(1,1)

ax.plot(df.loc['1950':'2100'].index, df.loc['1950':'2100'][0], label='ALD')
ax.axvline(df.index[115], linestyle='dotted', color='red')

ax.set_xlabel('year')
ax.set_ylabel('ALD ({})'.format(meta['var_units']))

plt.savefig('ALD_SAMPLE.png')

Trying to open:  output/ALD_yearly_tr.nc
Trying to open:  output/ALD_yearly_sc.nc
../_images/example_experiment_0_9_1.png

3.8. Plot Seasonal Dynamic

Plot the seasonal dynamic of GPP for the same three time ranges: [1990-1999], [2040-2049], [2090-2099]. The plot should show the mean monthly GPP computed across each decade as lines, and the standard deviation across the mean as envelopes.

Example Python Solution
df, meta = load_trsc_dataframe(var='GPP', timeres='monthly',
                               px_y=0, px_x=0, fileprefix='output')

# sum across PFTs...
ecosystem_sum = df.sum(axis=1)

fig, ax = plt.subplots(1,1)

for time_period in ['1990-1999','2040-2049', '2090-2099']:
  startyr, endyr = time_period.split('-')

  # The result is a pandas.Series
  range_series = ecosystem_sum[startyr:endyr]

  mean = range_series.groupby(range_series.index.month).mean()
  std =  range_series.groupby(range_series.index.month).std()

  ax.plot(mean, linewidth=1, label=time_period)
  ax.fill_between(mean.index, mean - std, mean + std, alpha=0.2)
  ax.set_ylabel('GPP ({})'.format(meta['var_units']))
  ax.legend()

ax.set_xticks(range(1,13), 'J,F,M,A,M,J,J,A,S,O,N,D'.split(','))

plt.show()

Trying to open:  output/GPP_monthly_tr.nc
Trying to open:  output/GPP_monthly_sc.nc
../_images/example_experiment_0_10_1.png

3.9. Plot Soil Temperatures

Plot the soil temperature profile for [June-July-August] period for the same three ranges: [1990-2999], [2040-2049], [2090-2099]. The plot should show the mean summer temperature computed across each decade as lines, and the standard deviation across the mean as envelops.

Example Python Solution

Write this…